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  • 51Group theory — is a mathematical discipline, the part of abstract algebra that studies the algebraic structures known as groups. The development of group theory sprang from three main sources: number theory, theory of algebraic equations, and geometry. The… …

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  • 52Differentiable manifold — A nondifferentiable atlas of charts for the globe. The results of calculus may not be compatible between charts if the atlas is not differentiable. In the middle chart the Tropic of Cancer is a smooth curve, whereas in the first it has a sharp… …

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  • 53Option (finance) — Stock option redirects here. For the employee incentive, see Employee stock option. Financial markets Public market Exchange Securities Bond market Fixed income …

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  • 54radiation measurement — ▪ technology Introduction       technique for detecting the intensity and characteristics of ionizing radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma rays or neutrons, for the purpose of measurement.       The term ionizing radiation refers to those… …

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  • 55Derivative — This article is an overview of the term as used in calculus. For a less technical overview of the subject, see Differential calculus. For other uses, see Derivative (disambiguation) …

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  • 56Affine connection — An affine connection on the sphere rolls the affine tangent plane from one point to another. As it does so, the point of contact traces out a curve in the plane: the development. In the branch of mathematics called differential geometry, an… …

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  • 57Group (mathematics) — This article covers basic notions. For advanced topics, see Group theory. The possible manipulations of this Rubik s Cube form a group. In mathematics, a group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set together with an operation that combines …

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  • 58Numerical analysis — Babylonian clay tablet BC 7289 (c. 1800–1600 BC) with annotations. The approximation of the square root of 2 is four sexagesimal figures, which is about six decimal figures. 1 + 24/60 + 51/602 + 10/603 = 1.41421296...[1] Numerical analysis is the …

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  • 59Cellular automaton — A cellular automaton (plural: cellular automata) is a discrete model studied in computability theory, mathematics, theoretical biology and microstructure modeling. It consists of a regular grid of cells , each in one of a finite number of states …

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  • 60Recurrence relation — Difference equation redirects here. It is not to be confused with differential equation. In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation that recursively defines a sequence, once one or more initial terms are given: each further term of the… …

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