when avignon was the papal seat
81History of Medicine — History of Medicine † Catholic Encyclopedia ► History of Medicine The history of medical science, considered as a part of the general history of civilization, should logically begin in Mesopotamia, where tradition and philological… …
82Pope Pius IX — Pius IX Papacy began 16 June 1846 Papacy ended 7 February 1878 ( 1000000000000003100000031 years, 10000000000000236000000236 days) …
83Crusades — a series of military expeditions between the 11th and 14th centuries, in which armies from the Christian countries of Europe tried to get back the Holy Land (= what is now Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Egypt) from the Muslims. The soldiers who… …
84First Council of Ephesus — This article covers the Ecumenical council of 431. For other councils by this name, see Council of Ephesus. First Council of Ephesus Date 431 Accepted by Roman Catholics, Old Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Anglicans, Oriental Orthodox, Lutherans… …
85Dúghall of Lorne — Bishop of Dunblane Church Roman Catholic Church See Diocese of Dunblane In Office 1380–1403 Predecessor …
86Viterbo — Infobox CityIT img coa = Viterbo Stemma.png official name = Comune di Viterbo name = Viterbo region = Lazio province = Viterbo (VT) elevation m = 326 area total km2 = 406.28 population as of = population total = 60537 population density km2 = 148 …
87Alexander Vaus — infobox bishopbiog name = Alexander Vaus religion=Roman Catholic Church See = Diocese of Galloway Title = Bishop of Galloway Period = 1422 1450 consecration = before July 16, 1380 Predecessor = Thomas de Buittle Successor = Thomas Spens post =… …
88Western architecture — Introduction history of Western architecture from prehistoric Mediterranean cultures to the present. The history of Western architecture is marked by a series of new solutions to structural problems. During the period from the… …
89Christianization of Scandinavia — History of Scandinavia Stone Age Bronze Age Pre Roman Iron Age Roman Iron Age Germanic Iron Age Barbarian Invasions Viking Age Christianization Kalmar Union …
90Holy Roman Empire — a Germanic empire located chiefly in central Europe that began with the coronation of Charlemagne as Roman emperor in A.D. 800 (or, according to some historians, with the coronation of Otto the Great, king of Germany, in A.D. 962) and ended with… …
