when avignon was the papal seat
21Order of the Holy Sepulchre — This article is about the Roman Catholic chivalric Order. For the Masonic Order of the Holy Sepulchre, see Red Cross of Constantine. Vatican City State This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Vatican City State …
22History of the Jews — History of the Jews † Catholic Encyclopedia ► History of the Jews (Yehúd m; Ioudaismos). Of the two terms, Jews and Judaism, the former denotes usually the Israelites or descendants of Jacob (Israel) in contrast to Gentile races;… …
23Christianity in the 2nd century — Ignatius of Antioch, one of the Apostolic Fathers and the third Bishop of Antioch, was considered a student of John the Apostle. En route to his martyrdom in Rome (c. 108), Ignatius wrote a series of preserved letters which are examples of late… …
24Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire — Part of a series on Christianity   …
25Architecture of Provence — The Architecture of Provence includes a rich collection of monuments from the Roman Empire; Cistercian monasteries from the Romanesque Period, medieval palaces and churches; fortifications from the time of Louis XIV, as well as numerous hilltop… …
26Regional cuisines of medieval Europe — The regional cuisines of medieval Europe were the results of differences in climate, political administration and religious customs that varied across the continent. Though sweeping generalizations should be avoided, more or less distinct areas… …
27Sistine Chapel Choir — The Sistine Chapel Choir is a choir based in Vatican City and is one of the oldest religious choirs in the world. HistoryMiddle Ages (c.600 c.1300)Although it is known that the Church, from her earliest days, employed music, it was not until the… …
28Late Middle Ages — The Late Middle Ages is a term used by historians to describe European history in the period of the 14th and 15th centuries (AD 1300–1499). The Late Middle Ages were preceded by the High Middle Ages, and followed by the Early Modern era… …
29Rome — /rohm/, n. 1. Harold (Jacob), born 1908, U.S. lyricist and composer. 2. Italian, Roma. a city in and the capital of Italy, in the central part, on the Tiber: ancient capital of the Roman Empire; site of Vatican City, seat of authority of the… …
30Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …
