vacuum holder
41photography, technology of — Introduction equipment, techniques, and processes used in the production of photographs. The most widely used photographic process is the black and white negative–positive system (Figure 1 >). In the camera the lens projects an image of… …
42Calorimeter — This article is about heat measuring devices. For particle detectors, see Calorimeter (particle physics). The world’s first ice calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782 83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre Simon Laplace, to determine the heat… …
43Pern — For pern, the bird, see Honey Buzzard. For the commune in France, see Pern, Lot. Map of Pern (Dutch language) Pern is a fictional planet created by Anne McCaffrey for the Dragonriders of Pern series of fantasy and science fiction books …
44Atomic force microscope — The atomic force microscope (AFM) or scanning force microscope (SFM) is a very high resolution type of scanning probe microscope, with demonstrated resolution of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction… …
45Pentagrid converter — For other types of frequency converters please, see Frequency converter. The pentagrid converter is a radio receiving valve (vacuum tube) with five grids used as the frequency mixer stage of a superheterodyne radio receiver. Grids of a 12SA7GT… …
46International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict — Arguments about the applicability of various elements of international law underlie the debate around the Arab Israeli conflict. This article discusses the basis for these conflicts. The basis for legal arguments International law is different… …
47List of Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo characters — The universe of the anime and manga series Bobobo bo Bo bobo is a home to a wide array of fictional characters. Contents 1 Main characters 1.1 Bobobo bo Bo bobo 1.2 Beauty 1.3 …
48Russia — /rush euh/, n. 1. Also called Russian Empire. Russian, Rossiya. a former empire in E Europe and N and W Asia: overthrown by the Russian Revolution 1917. Cap.: St. Petersburg (1703 1917). 2. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 3. See Russian… …
49Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
50radiation measurement — ▪ technology Introduction technique for detecting the intensity and characteristics of ionizing radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma rays or neutrons, for the purpose of measurement. The term ionizing radiation refers to those… …
