vacant energy level
1New York energy law — Main article: Energy law New York This article is part of the series: Politics and government of New York …
2Characteristic x-ray — A high energy electron interacts with a bound electron in an atom and ejects it. The incident electron is scattered and the target electron gets displaced from its shell. The incident electron energy must exceed the binding energy of the electron …
3Coulomb blockade — Schematic representation of an electron tunnelling through a barrier In physics, a Coulomb blockade (abbreviated CB), named after Charles Augustin de Coulomb s electrical force, is the increased resistance at small bias voltages of an electronic… …
4performing arts — arts or skills that require public performance, as acting, singing, or dancing. [1945 50] * * * ▪ 2009 Introduction Music Classical. The last vestiges of the Cold War seemed to thaw for a moment on Feb. 26, 2008, when the unfamiliar strains …
5chemical bonding — ▪ chemistry Introduction any of the interactions that account for the association of atoms into molecules, ions, crystals, and other stable species that make up the familiar substances of the everyday world. When atoms approach one another …
6chemistry — /kem euh stree/, n., pl. chemistries. 1. the science that deals with the composition and properties of substances and various elementary forms of matter. Cf. element (def. 2). 2. chemical properties, reactions, phenomena, etc.: the chemistry of… …
7Physical Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Scientists discovered a new family of superconducting materials and obtained unique images of individual hydrogen atoms and of a multiple exoplanet system. Europe completed the Large Hadron Collider, and China and India took… …
8Hypervalent molecule — A hypervalent molecule is a molecule that contains one or more main group elements formally bearing more than eight electrons in their valence shells. Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), the phosphate (PO43−) ion, chlorine …
9Semi-empirical mass formula — In nuclear physics, the semi empirical mass formula (SEMF), sometimes also called Weizsäcker s formula, is a formula used to approximate the mass and various other properties of an atomic nucleus. As the name suggests, it is partially based on… …
10x-ray — /eks ray /, n. Also, x ray, X ray. 1. Physics. a. Often, x rays. a form of electromagnetic radiation, similar to light but of shorter wavelength and capable of penetrating solids and of ionizing gases. b. such radiation having wavelengths in the… …
