utility function
71Indifference curve — In microeconomic theory, an indifference curve is a graph showing different bundles of goods, each measured as to quantity, between which a consumer is indifferent. That is, at each point on the curve, the consumer has no preference for one… …
72economics — /ek euh nom iks, ee keuh /, n. 1. (used with a sing. v.) the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, or the material welfare of humankind. 2. (used with a pl. v.) financial considerations;… …
73Arrow's impossibility theorem — In social choice theory, Arrow’s impossibility theorem, the General Possibility Theorem, or Arrow’s paradox, states that, when voters have three or more distinct alternatives (options), no voting system can convert the ranked preferences of… …
74St. Petersburg paradox — In economics, the St. Petersburg paradox is a paradox related to probability theory and decision theory. It is based on a particular (theoretical) lottery game (sometimes called St. Petersburg Lottery ) that leads to a random variable with… …
75Mechanism design — The Stanley Reiter diagram above illustrates a game of mechanism design. The upper left space Θ depicts the type space and the upper right space X the space of outcomes. The social choice function f(θ) maps a type profile to an outcome. In games… …
76game theory — a mathematical theory that deals with strategies for maximizing gains and minimizing losses within prescribed constraints, as the rules of a card game: widely applied in the solution of various decision making problems, as those of military… …
77Marginalism — Economics …
78Two-moment decision models — Mean variance analysis redirects here. For mean variance portfolio theory, see Modern portfolio theory or Mutual fund separation theorem. In decision theory, economics, and finance, a two moment decision model is a model that describes or… …
79Expenditure minimization problem — In microeconomics, the expenditure minimization problem is another perspective on the utility maximization problem: how much money do I need to be happy? . This question comes in two parts. Given a consumer s utility function, prices, and a… …
80Gorman polar form — is a functional form for indirect utility functions in economics. Imposing this form on utility allows the researcher to treat a society of utility maximizers as if it consisted of a single representative individual. W. M. Gorman showed that… …
