utility function
111Consumption smoothing — is the economic concept used to express the desire of people for having a stable path of consumption. Since Milton Friedman s permanent income theory (1956) and Modigliani and Brumberg (1954) life cycle model, the idea that agents prefer a stable …
112Maximum theorem — The maximum theorem provides conditions for the continuity of an optimized function and the set of its maximizers as a parameter changes. The statement was first proven by Claude Berge in 1959[1]. The theorem is primarily used in mathematical… …
113Preference — (also called taste or penchant ) is a concept, used in the social sciences, particularly economics. It assumes a real or imagined choice between alternatives and the possibility of rank ordering of these alternatives, based on happiness,… …
114Contract theory — This article is about the economic analysis of contracts. For legal definitions and contract law, see Contract. For a less technical discussion of this topic, see Principal agent problem. In economics, contract theory studies how economic actors… …
115List of philosophy topics (R-Z) — RRaRabad Rabbinic law Rabbinic theology Francois Rabelais François Rabelais race racetrack paradox racism Gustav Radbruch Janet Radcliffe Richards Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan radical Aristotelianism radical behaviourism radical feminism radical… …
116Robust statistics — provides an alternative approach to classical statistical methods. The motivation is to produce estimators that are not unduly affected by small departures from model assumptions. Contents 1 Introduction 2 Examples of robust and non robust… …
117Bellman equation — A Bellman equation (also known as a dynamic programming equation), named after its discoverer, Richard Bellman, is a necessary condition for optimality associated with the mathematical optimization method known as dynamic programming. It writes… …
118Scientific method — …
119Lagrange multipliers — In mathematical optimization problems, the method of Lagrange multipliers, named after Joseph Louis Lagrange, is a method for finding the extrema of a function of several variables subject to one or more constraints; it is the basic tool in… …
120Gene-centered view of evolution — The gene centered view of evolution, gene selection theory or selfish gene theory holds that natural selection acts through differential survival of competing genes, increasing the frequency of those alleles whose phenotypic effects successfully… …
