upward costs
31Light pollution — This article is about light pollution in the visible spectrum. For information on pollution in the radio spectrum, see radio spectrum pollution. This time exposure photo of New York City at night shows skyglow, one form of light pollution …
32labour economics — Study of how workers are allocated among jobs, how their rates of pay are determined, and how their efficiency is affected by various factors. The labour force of a country includes all those who work for gain in any capacity as well as those who …
33environment — environmental, adj. environmentally, adv. /en vuy reuhn meuhnt, vuy euhrn /, n. 1. the aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, or influences; surroundings; milieu. 2. Ecol. the air, water, minerals, organisms, and all other external factors… …
34Lockheed F-104 Starfighter — F 104 Starfighter A Fokker built, German owned F 104G in USAF markings in August 1979 Role Intercep …
35Oligopoly — An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists). The word is derived, by analogy with monopoly , from the Greek ὀλίγοι (oligoi) few + πόλειν (pólein) to sell . Because there are …
36Inflation — This article is about a rise in the general price level. For the expansion of the early universe, see Inflation (cosmology). For other uses, see Inflation (disambiguation). Inflation rates around the world in 2007 …
37Supply and demand — For other uses, see Supply and demand (disambiguation). The price P of a product is determined by a balance between production at each price (supply S) and the desires of those with purchasing power at each price (demand D). The diagram shows a… …
38Phillips curve — The Phillips curve is a historical inverse relation between the rate of unemployment and the rate of inflation in an economy. Stated simply, the lower the unemployment in an economy, the higher the rate of increase in wages paid to labor in that… …
39Coastal management — This article is about coastal management aimed to prevent erosion and flooding. For broader management issues, see Integrated coastal zone management. Oosterscheldekering sea wall, the Netherlands. In some jurisdictions the terms sea defense and… …
40Contango — The graph depicts how the price of a single forward contract will behave through time in relation to the expected future price at any point time. A contract in contango will decrease in value until it equals the spot price of the underlying at… …
