underwater acoustics
61El Niño-Southern Oscillation — El Niño redirects here. For other uses, see El Niño (disambiguation). ENSO redirects here. For other uses, see Enso (disambiguation). The 1997 El Niño observed by TOPEX/Poseidon. The white areas off the tropical coasts of South and North America… …
62Atoll — For other senses of this word, see atoll (disambiguation). Satellite picture of the Atafu atoll in Tokelau in the Pacific Ocean. An atoll ( …
63Sea level — For the sea level change associated with the current episode of global warming, see current sea level rise. For other uses, see Sea level (disambiguation). This marker indicating the sea level is placed on the path from Jerusalem to the Dead Sea …
64Downwelling — is the process of accumulation and sinking of higher density material beneath lower density material, such as cold or saline water beneath warmer or fresher water or cold air beneath warm air. It is the sinking limb of a convection cell.… …
65Oceanic trench — Oceanic crust is formed at an oceanic ridge, while the lithosphere is subducted back into the asthenosphere at trenches. The oceanic trenches are hemispheric scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the… …
66Seafloor spreading — Age of oceanic crust; youngest (red) is along spreading centers. Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Seafloor… …
67Global climate model — AGCM redirects here. For Italian competition regulator, see Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato. Climate models are systems of differential equations based on the basic laws of physics, fluid motion, and chemistry. To “run” a model,… …
68Transform fault — (the red lines) A transform fault or transform boundary, also known as conservative plate boundary since these faults neither create nor destroy lithosphere, is a type of fault whose relative motion is predominantly horizontal in either sinistral …
69Marginal sea — Marginal seas as defined by the IMO …
70Divergent boundary — In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. Divergent… …
