underpinning structure
31Geotechnical engineering — [ Boston s Big Dig presented geotechnical challenges in an urban environment.] Geotechnical engineering is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. Geotechnical engineering includes investigating …
32Semigroup — This article is about the algebraic structure. For applications to differential equations, see C0 semigroup. In mathematics, a semigroup is an algebraic structure consisting of a set together with an associative binary operation. A semigroup… …
33Spain — /spayn/, n. a kingdom in SW Europe. Including the Balearic and Canary islands, 39,244,195; 194,988 sq. mi. (505,019 sq. km). Cap.: Madrid. Spanish, España. * * * Spain Introduction Spain Background: Spain s powerful world empire of the 16th and… …
34Leadership — Leader redirects here. For other uses, see Leader (disambiguation). For other uses, see Leadership (disambiguation). Psychology …
35Musical form — Thought form of the Music of Gounod, according to Annie Besant and C.W. Leadbeater in Thought Forms (1901) The term musical form refers to the overall structure or plan of a piece of music …
36Postmodernist theory — Lyotard, Baudrillard and others Thomas Docherty INTRODUCTION Philosophy has been touched by postmodernism. Philosophy, in the modern academy, is supposed to be the discipline of disciplines: it is philosophy which will be able to gather together …
37Nikos Salingaros — Nikos A. Salingaros (born in Perth, Australia) is a mathematician and polymath known for his work on urban theory, architectural theory, complexity theory, and design philosophy. He has been a close collaborator of the architect and computer… …
38Working class — is a term used in academic sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe, depending on context and speaker, those employed in specific fields or types of work.As with many terms describing social class, working class is defined and used in… …
39Greece, history of — ▪ Byzantine to modern Introduction history of the area from the Byzantine (Byzantine Empire) period, beginning about AD 300, to the present. For earlier periods, see Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; and Hellenistic Age.… …
40New York City Police Department — NYPD and New York City Cops redirect here. For the 1960s crime drama, see N.Y.P.D. (TV series). For the song, see Is This It. Not to be confused with New York City Sheriff s Office. New York City Police Department Common name New York Police …
