ultraviolet background
41Sun — This article is about the star. For other uses, see Sun (disambiguation). The Sun …
42radiation measurement — ▪ technology Introduction technique for detecting the intensity and characteristics of ionizing radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma rays or neutrons, for the purpose of measurement. The term ionizing radiation refers to those… …
43Ozone — For other uses, see Ozone (disambiguation). Ozone …
44X-ray astronomy — X rays start at 0.008 nm and extend across the electromagnetic spectrum to 8 nm, over which the Earth s atmosphere is opaque. X ray astronomy is an observational branch of astronomy which deals with the study of X ray observation and detection… …
45History of the telescope — The earliest known working telescopes appeared in 1608 and are credited to Hans Lippershey and Zacharias Janssen, spectacle makers in Middelburg, and Jacob Metius of Alkmaar. The design of these early refracting telescopes consisted of a convex… …
46New Horizons — For other uses, see New Horizons (disambiguation). New Horizons Operator NASA Major contractors Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) …
47Cosmic Origins Spectrograph — The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on its handling cart in the Spacecraft Systems Development Facility cleanroom at the Goddard Space Flight Center The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) is a science instrument that was installed on the Hubble Space… …
48climate — /kluy mit/, n. 1. the composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years. 2. a region or… …
49Life Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Zoology In 2008 several zoological studies provided new insights into how species life history traits (such as the timing of reproduction or the length of life of adult individuals) are derived in part as responses to… …
50environmental works — ▪ civil engineering Introduction infrastructure that provides cities and towns with water supply, waste disposal, and pollution control services. They include extensive networks of reservoirs, pipelines, treatment systems, pumping stations …
