transverse motion of electrons
31Cyclotron — For other uses, see Cyclotron (disambiguation). A modern Cyclotron for radiation therapy …
32Free electron laser — A free electron laser, or FEL, is a laser that shares the same optical properties as conventional lasers such as emitting a beam consisting of coherent electromagnetic radiation which can reach high power, but which uses some very different… …
33Surface phonon — Phonons are collective lattice vibration modes, and surface phonons are those particular modes associated with surfaces; they are an artifact of periodicity, symmetry, and the termination of bulk crystal structure associated with the surface… …
34x-ray — /eks ray /, n. Also, x ray, X ray. 1. Physics. a. Often, x rays. a form of electromagnetic radiation, similar to light but of shorter wavelength and capable of penetrating solids and of ionizing gases. b. such radiation having wavelengths in the… …
35X-ray crystallography — can locate every atom in a zeolite, an aluminosilicate with many important applications, such as water purification. X ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal, in which a beam of X rays strikes a… …
36Nuclear magnetic resonance — This article is about the physical phenomenon. For its use as a method in spectroscopy, see Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR redirects here. For other uses, see NMR (disambiguation). First 1 GHz NMR Spectrometer (1000 MHz,… …
37Birkeland current — Schmatic of the Birkeland or Field Aligned Currents and the ionospheric current systems they connect to.[1] A Birkeland current is a set of currents which flow along geomagnetic field line connecting the Earth’s magnetosphere to the Earth s hi …
38Dispersion relation — The refraction of a light in a prism is due to dispersion. In physics and electrical engineering, dispersion most often refers to frequency dependent effects in wave propagation. Note, however, that there are several other uses of the word… …
39Storage ring — The 216 m circumference storage ring dominates this image of the interior of the Australian Synchrotron facility. In the middle of the storage ring is the booster ring and linac A storage ring is a type of circular particle accelerator in… …
40Kaufmann-Bucherer-Neumann-Experimente — Experiment von Bucherer Die Kaufmann Bucherer Neumann Experimente (1901 1915) überprüften die Abhängigkeit der trägen Masse von Elektronen von ihrerer Geschwindigkeit. In der Frühzeit der Entwicklung der speziellen Relativitätstheorie hatten… …
