to suffer under torture
41CHURCH, CATHOLIC — Under the Roman Empire While a Catholic (i.e., universal ) Church came into being only at the Council of Nicaea in 325, a unified interpretation of the new religion of christianity had begun to emerge during the three preceding centuries, and… …
42Social Protection — ▪ 2006 Introduction With medical costs skyrocketing and government programs scaled back, citizens bore more responsibility for their health care costs; irregular migration, human trafficking, and migrant smuggling posed challenges for… …
43Inquisition — • By this term is usually meant a special ecclesiastical institutional for combating or suppressing heresy Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Inquisition Inquisition …
44Law, Crime, and Law Enforcement — ▪ 2006 Introduction Trials of former heads of state, U.S. Supreme Court rulings on eminent domain and the death penalty, and high profile cases against former executives of large corporations were leading legal and criminal issues in 2005.… …
45Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …
46KIDDUSH HA-SHEM AND ḤILLUL HA-SHEM — (Heb. קִדּוּשׁ הַשֵּׁם וְחִלּוּל הַשֵּׁם). The antithetical terms kiddush ha Shem ( sanctification of the (Divine) Name ) and ḥillul ha Shem ( defamation of the (Divine) Name ) are complementary antonyms and denote the two aspects of one of the …
47Persecution of Christians — This article is about acts committed against Christians because of their faith. For negative attitudes towards Christians, see Anti Christian sentiment. A Christian Dirce, by Henryk Siemiradzki. A Christian woman is martyred under Nero in this re …
48Edward Low — For other people named Edward Low, see Edward Low (disambiguation). Edward Low ca. 1690 – ca. 1724 …
49Peter Tatchell — Infobox person name = Peter Gary Tatchell image size = 220px caption = Peter Tatchell joining the Green Party in 2004 birth date = Birth date and age|1952|1|25|df=y birth place = Melbourne, Australia occupation = Political campaigner party =Green …
50War in Afghanistan (2001–present) — War in Afghanistan Part of the Afghan civil war and the War on Terror …
