to balance probabilities
81Tactical voting — In voting systems, tactical voting (or strategic voting or sophisticated voting) occurs when a voter supports a candidate other than his or her sincere preference in order to prevent an undesirable outcome. It has been shown by the Gibbard… …
82Birthday problem — In probability theory, the birthday problem, [This is not a paradox in the sense of leading to a logical contradiction, but is called a paradox because the mathematical truth contradicts naïve intuition: most people estimate that the chance is… …
83Randomized controlled trial — Flowchart of four phases (enrollment, intervention allocation, follow up, and data analysis) of a parallel randomized trial of two groups, modified from the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) 2010 Statement[1] …
84Random walk — A random walk, sometimes denoted RW, is a mathematical formalization of a trajectory that consists of taking successive random steps. The results of random walk analysis have been applied to computer science, physics, ecology, economics and a… …
85Convertible bond — Financial markets Public market Exchange Securities Bond market Fixed income Corporate bond Government bond Municipal bond …
86Gibbs sampling — In statistics and in statistical physics, Gibbs sampling or a Gibbs sampler is an algorithm to generate a sequence of samples from the joint probability distribution of two or more random variables. The purpose of such a sequence is to… …
87Neutron transport — is the study of the motions and interactions of neutrons with materials. Nuclear scientists and engineers often need to know where neutrons are in an apparatus, what direction they are going, and how quickly they are moving. It is commonly used… …
88Section One of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms — Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Part of the Constitution Act, 1982. Preamble …
89Rate equation — The rate law or rate equation for a chemical reaction is an equation that links the reaction rate with concentrations or pressures of reactants and constant parameters (normally rate coefficients and partial reaction orders).[1] To determine the… …
90Atomic spectral line — In physics, atomic spectral lines are of two types: * An emission line is formed when an electron makes a transition from a particular discrete energy level of an atom, to a lower energy state, emitting a photon of a particular energy and… …
