thermodynamic equilibrium state
71Statistical thermodynamics — In thermodynamics, statistical thermodynamics is the study of the microscopic behaviors of thermodynamic systems using probability theory. Statistical thermodynamics, generally, provides a molecular level interpretation of thermodynamic… …
72Self-organization — is a process of attraction and repulsion in which the internal organization of a system, normally an open system, increases in complexity without being guided or managed by an outside source. Self organizing systems typically (though not always)… …
73Ideal chain — An ideal chain (or freely jointed chain) is the simplest model to describe a polymer. It only assumes a polymer as a random walk and neglects any kind of interactions among monomers. Although it is simple, its generality gives us some insights… …
74nature, philosophy of — Introduction the discipline that investigates substantive issues regarding the actual features of nature as a reality. The discussion here is divided into two parts: the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of biology. In this… …
75Activity (chemistry) — In chemical thermodynamics, activity (symbol a) is a measure of the “effective concentration” of a species in a mixture, meaning that the species chemical potential depends on the activity of a real solution in the same way that it would depend… …
76Heat death of the universe — For the album, see The Heat Death of the Universe. Physical cosmology Universe  …
77entropy — entropic /en troh pik, trop ik/, adj. entropically, adv. /en treuh pee/, n. 1. Thermodynam. a. (on a macroscopic scale) a function of thermodynamic variables, as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not… …
78Pressure — This article is about pressure in the physical sciences. For other uses, see Pressure (disambiguation). Pressure as exerted by particle collisions inside a closed container …
79Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics — The philosophy of thermal and statistical physics is one of the major subdisciplines of the philosophy of physics. Its subject matter is classical thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and related theories. Its central questions include: What is …
80Interstellar medium — Interstellar redirects here. For other uses, see Interstellar (disambiguation). The distribution of ionized hydrogen (known by astronomers as H II from old spectroscopic terminology) in the parts of the Galactic interstellar medium visible… …
