thermodynamic equilibrium state
31Black body — As the temperature decreases, the peak of the blackbody radiation curve moves to lower intensities and longer wavelengths. The blackbody radiation graph is also compared with the classical model of Rayleigh and Jeans …
32thermal energy — Internal energy of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium (see thermodynamics) by virtue of its temperature. A hot body has more thermal energy than a similar cold body, but a large tub of cold water may have more thermal energy than a cup of… …
33relaxation phenomenon — ▪ physics and chemistry Introduction in physics and chemistry, an effect related to the delay between the application of an external stress to a system that is, to an aggregation of matter and its response. It may occur in nuclear, atomic,… …
34Ergodic hypothesis — In physics and thermodynamics, the ergodic hypothesis says that, over long periods of time, the time spent by a particle in some region of the phase space of microstates with the same energy is proportional to the volume of this region, i.e.,… …
35absolute temperature scale — Thermodynam. temperature (absolute temperature) as measured on a scale in which the hypothetical lowest limit of physical temperatures is assigned the value zero (absolute zero), as the Kelvin scale. Also called absolute scale. * * * ▪ physics… …
36Sputtering — is a process whereby atoms are ejected from a solid target material due to bombardment of the target by energetic ions. It is commonly used for thin film deposition, etching and analytical techniques (see below). Physics of sputtering Physical… …
37Introduction to entropy — Thermodynamic entropy provides a measure of certain aspects of energy in relation to absolute temperature. The thermodynamic entropy S, often simply called the entropy in the context of thermodynamics, is a measure of the amount of energy in a… …
38Entropy — This article is about entropy in thermodynamics. For entropy in information theory, see Entropy (information theory). For a comparison of entropy in information theory with entropy in thermodynamics, see Entropy in thermodynamics and information… …
39Temperature — This article is about the thermodynamic property. For other uses, see Temperature (disambiguation). A map of global long term monthly average surface air temperatures i …
40thermodynamics — thermodynamicist, n. /therr moh duy nam iks/, n. (used with a sing. v.) the science concerned with the relations between heat and mechanical energy or work, and the conversion of one into the other: modern thermodynamics deals with the properties …
