theorem of total probability
51Dark matter — Not to be confused with antimatter, dark energy, dark fluid or dark flow. For other uses, see Dark Matter (disambiguation) …
52Moment of inertia — This article is about the moment of inertia of a rotating object, also termed the mass moment of inertia. For the moment of inertia dealing with the bending of a beam, also termed the area moment of inertia, see second moment of area. In… …
53Pearson's chi-square test — Pearson s chi square ( chi;2) test is the best known of several chi square tests – statistical procedures whose results are evaluated by reference to the chi square distribution. Its properties were first investigated by Karl Pearson. In contexts …
54Checking whether a coin is fair — In statistics, the question of checking whether a coin is fair is one whose importance lies, firstly, in providing a simple problem on which to illustrate basic ideas of statistical inference and, secondly, in providing a simple problem that can… …
55Rule of succession — In probability theory, the rule of succession is a formula introduced in the 18th century by Pierre Simon Laplace in the course of treating the sunrise problem.The formula is still used, particularly to estimate underlying probabilities for… …
56Wave function collapse — Quantum mechanics Uncertainty principle …
57Base rate fallacy — The base rate fallacy, also called base rate neglect or base rate bias, is an error that occurs when the conditional probability of some hypothesis H given some evidence E is assessed without taking into account the base rate or prior probability …
58Dynamic Markov compression — (DMC) is a lossless data compression algorithm developed by Gordon Cormack and Nigel Horspool [1]. It uses predictive arithmetic coding similar to prediction by partial matching (PPM), except that the input is predicted one bit at a time (rather… …
59Grand canonical ensemble — In statistical mechanics, the grand canonical ensemble is a statistical ensemble (a large collection of identically prepared systems), where each system is in equilibrium with an external reservoir with respect to both particle and energy… …
60Stochastic context-free grammar — A stochastic context free grammar (SCFG; also probabilistic context free grammar, PCFG) is a context free grammar in which each production is augmented with a probability. The probability of a derivation (parse) is then the product of the… …
