the upper crust
71Geology of the Pacific Northwest — The geology of the Pacific Northwest refers to the study of the composition (including rock, minerals, and soils), structure, physical properties and the processes that shape the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada. The… …
72Geology of the Moon — The geology of the Moon (sometimes called selenology, although the latter term can refer more generally to lunar science ) is quite different from that of the Earth. The Moon lacks a significant atmosphere and any bodies of water, which… …
73Geology of the Grand Teton area — The geology of the Grand Teton area consists of some of the oldest rocks and one of the youngest mountain ranges in North America. The Teton Range, mostly located in Grand Teton National Park, started to grow some 9 million years ago. An older… …
74Geology of the Death Valley area — The exposed geology of the Death Valley area presents a diverse and complex story that includes at least 23 formations of sedimentary units, two major gaps in the geologic record called unconformities, and at least one distinct set of related… …
75Geology of the Grand Canyon area — The geology of the Grand Canyon area exposes one of the most complete sequences of rock anywhere, representing a period of nearly 2 billion years of the Earth s history in that part of North America. The major sedimentary rock layers exposed in… …
76Geology of the Falkland Islands — The geology of the Falkland Islands has its origins in events of more than 400 million years bp, before the Falkland Islands existed as separate entities, with the appearance of intruded dikes in the crust of the supercontinent Gondwana. The… …
77International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior — The International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth s Interior, or IAVCEI, is an association that represents the primary international focus for research in volcanology, efforts to mitigate volcanic disasters, and research… …
78Upper Rhine Graben — in western Germany.Formation to the north of the Alps [Sengor, A.M.C. 1976. Collision of irregular continental margins: Implications for foreland deformation of Alpine type orogens. Geology, 4, 779 782.] . The result was substantial crustal… …
79Structure of the Earth — Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. Left picture is not to scale. The interior structure of the Earth, similar to the outer, is layered. These layers can be defined by either their chemical or their rheological properties. The Earth has an… …
