the total radiation can be determined with
11Age of the universe — The age of the universe is the time elapsed between the theory of the Big Bang and the present day. Current observations suggest that this is about 13.73 billion years, with an uncertainty of about +/ 120 million years. The lowering of the… …
12Photon dynamics in the double-slit experiment — The dynamics of photons in the double slit experiment describes the relationship between classical electromagnetic waves and photons, the quantum counterpart of classical electromagnetic waves, in the context of the double slit experiment. The… …
13Environmental policy of the United States — The environmental policy of the United States is federal governmental action to regulate activities that have an environmental impact in the United States. The goal of environmental policy is to protect the environment for future generations… …
14Campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology — The campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology includes dozens of buildings representing diverse architectural styles and shifting campus priorities. MIT s architectural history can be broadly split into four eras: the Boston campus, the …
15Stopping power (particle radiation) — In passing through matter, fast charged particles ionize the atoms or molecules which they encounter. Thus, the fast particles gradually lose energy in many small steps. Stopping power is defined as the average energy loss of the particle per… …
16Cosmic microwave background radiation — CMB and Cosmic background radiation redirect here. For other uses see CMB (disambiguation) and Cosmic background (disambiguation). Physical cosmology …
17Hawking radiation — is a thermal radiation with a black body spectrum predicted to be emitted by black holes due to quantum effects. It is named after the physicist Stephen Hawking, who provided a theoretical argument for its existence in 1974, and sometimes also… …
18Nuclear power in the United States — For a comprehensive list of U.S. plants, see List of nuclear reactors. NRC regions and locations of nuclear reactors, 2008 Main article: Nuclear power As of 2008, nuclear power in the United States is provided by 104 commercial reactors (69 …
19Shape of the Universe — Edge of the Universe redirects here. For the Bee Gees song, see Edge of the Universe (song). The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether Omega is less than, equal to or greater than 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe, a… …
20Ionizing radiation — consists of highly energetic particles or waves that can detach (ionize) at least one electron from an atom or molecule. Ionizing ability depends on the energy of the impinging individual particles or waves, and not on their number. A large flood …
