the refractive index is measured
101Optical sectioning — is the process by which a suitably designed microscope can produce clear images of a focal planes deep within a thick sample. This is used to reduce the need for thin sectioning using instruments such as the microtome. Many different techniques… …
102Luminiferous aether — The luminiferous aether: it was hypothesised that the Earth moves through a medium of aether that carries light In the late 19th century, luminiferous aether or ether, meaning light bearing aether, was the term used to describe a medium for the… …
103History of electromagnetism — The history of electromagnetism, that is the human understanding and recorded use of electromagnetic forces, dates back over two thousand years ago, see Timeline of electromagnetism. The ancients must have been acquainted with the effects of… …
104Albedo — The albedo of an object is the extent to which it diffusely reflects light from the sun. It is therefore a more specific form of the term reflectivity. Albedo is defined asthe ratio of diffusely reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation. It …
105Abraham–Minkowski controversy — The Abraham–Minkowski controversy is a physics debate concerning electromagnetic momentum within dielectric media. The preponderance of evidence in the debate suggests that the Abraham equation is correct,[1] but some investigators disagree. Two… …
106Near-infrared window in biological tissue — The near infrared (NIR) window (also known as optical window or therapeutic window) defines the range of wavelengths where light has its maximum depth of penetration in tissue. Within the NIR window, scattering is the most dominant light tissue… …
107Lens clock — A lens clock is a mechanical dial caliper that is used to measure dioptric power of a lens. It is a specialized version of a spherometer. A lens clock measures the curvature of a surface, but gives the result in diopters, assuming the lens is… …
108Physical Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Scientists discovered a new family of superconducting materials and obtained unique images of individual hydrogen atoms and of a multiple exoplanet system. Europe completed the Large Hadron Collider, and China and India took… …
109Eye — For other uses, see Eye (disambiguation), Ocular (disambiguation), Ocular, and Oculus. For taxon specific articles, see human eye, simple eye in invertebrates, mollusc eye, and arthropod eye. Eye …
110Eyeglass prescription — Using a phoropter to determine a prescription for eyeglasses An eyeglass prescription is an order written by an eyewear prescriber, such as an optometrist or ophthalmologist, that specifies the value of all parameters the prescriber has deemed… …
