the positive integers
41Divisor topology — In mathematics, more specifically general topology, the divisor topology is an example of a topology given to the set X of positive integers that are greater than or equal to two, i.e., X = {2, 3, 4, 5, …}. The divisor topology is the poset… …
42Infinity — In mathematics, infinity is often used in contexts where it is treated as if it were a number (i.e., it counts or measures things: an infinite number of terms ) but it is a different type of number from the real numbers. Infinity is related to… …
43Monoid — This article is about the mathematical concept. For the alien creatures in the Doctor Who adventure, see The Ark (Doctor Who). Coherence law for monoid unit In abstract algebra, a branch of mathematics, a monoid is an algebraic structure with a… …
44mathematics, philosophy of — Branch of philosophy concerned with the epistemology and ontology of mathematics. Early in the 20th century, three main schools of thought called logicism, formalism, and intuitionism arose to account for and resolve the crisis in the foundations …
45Graph labeling — In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, a graph labeling is the assignment of labels traditionally represented with integers to the edges or vertices, or both, of a graph. The labeling strategy depends on the category of the labeling.… …
46Euclid's lemma — (Greek polytonic|λῆμμα ) is a generalization of Proposition 30 of Book VII of Euclid s Elements . The lemma states that:If a positive integer divides the product of two other positive integers, and the first and second integers are coprime, then… …
47Universal code (data compression) — In data compression, a universal code for integers is a prefix code that maps the positive integers onto binary codewords, with the additional property that whatever the true probability distribution on integers, as long as the distribution is… …
48number theory — Math. the study of integers and their relation to one another. Also called theory of numbers. [1910 15] * * * Branch of mathematics concerned with properties of and relations among integers. It is a popular subject among amateur mathematicians… …
49Binary relation — Relation (mathematics) redirects here. For a more general notion of relation, see Finitary relation. For a more combinatorial viewpoint, see Theory of relations. In mathematics, a binary relation on a set A is a collection of ordered pairs of… …
50Bateman-Horn conjecture — In number theory, the Bateman Horn conjecture is a vast generalization of such conjectures as the Hardy and Littlewood conjecture on the density of twin primes or their conjecture on primes of the form n 2+1; it is also a strengthening of… …
