the partition function
71Isothermal–isobaric ensemble — The isothermal–isobaric ensemble (constant temperature and constant pressure ensemble) is a statistical mechanical ensemble that maintains constant temperature T , and constant pressure P , applied. It is also called the NpT ensemble, where the… …
72Chern–Simons theory — The Chern–Simons theory is a 3 dimensional topological quantum field theory of Schwarz type, introduced by Edward Witten. It is so named because its action is proportional to the integral of the Chern–Simons 3 form. In condensed matter physics,… …
73Gas in a harmonic trap — The results of the quantum harmonic oscillator can be used to look at the equilibrium situation for a quantum ideal gas in a harmonic trap, which is a harmonic potential containing a large number particles that do not interact with each other… …
74Gaussian network model — The Gaussian network model (GNM), one of many things named after Carl Gauss, is a representation of a biological macromolecule as an elastic mass and spring network to study, understand, and characterize mechanical aspects of its long scale… …
75Square-lattice Ising model — The two dimensional square lattice Ising model was solved by Lars Onsager in 1944 for the special case that the external field H = 0. The general case for H eq 0 has yet to be found.Consider the 2D Ising model on a square lattice Lambda with N… …
76Configuration integral — The classical configuration integral, more commonly called the partition function, andsometimes referred to as the configurational partition function [See, e.g., K. Lucas, [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521852404 Molecular Models for… …
77Spherical model — The spherical model in statistical mechanics is a model of ferromagnetism similar to the Ising model, which was solved in 1952 by T.H. Berlin and M. Kac. It has the remarkable property that when applied to systems of dimension d greater than four …
78Saha ionization equation — The Saha ionization equation, also known as the Saha Langmuir equation, was developed by the Indian astrophysicist Megh Nad Saha in 1920, and later (1923) by Irving Langmuir. One of the important applications of the equation was in explaining the …
79Normalizing constant — The concept of a normalizing constant arises in probability theory and a variety of other areas of mathematics. Contents 1 Definition and examples 2 Bayes theorem 3 Non probabilistic uses 4 …
80KMS state — The statistical mechanics of quantum field theory (see thermal quantum field theory) at the inverse temperature beta; and chemical potential mu; can be characterized by a condition called the KMS condition.PreliminariesThe simplest case to study… …
