the manuscript is placed not later than the tenth century
51RELIGIOUS LIFE AND COMMUNITIES — Jews UNDER OTTOMAN RULE The Jews of the pre Zionist old yishuv, both sephardim (from the Orient) and ashkenazim (of European origin), dedicated their lives to the fulfillment of religious precepts: the study of the torah and the meticulous… …
52MANUSCRIPTS, HEBREW — MANUSCRIPTS, HEBREW, term which includes religious and secular books, as well as letters and documents written on papyrus, parchment, hides, and paper in Hebrew characters, sometimes using them for the writing of languages other than Hebrew, e.g …
53Formulary (model documents) — Formularies (singular formulary; Latin littera(e) formularis, ares ) are medieval collections of models for the execution of documents (acta), public or private; a space being left for the insertion of names, dates, and circumstances peculiar to… …
54Collections of Ancient Canons — Collections of Ancient Canons † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Collections of Ancient Canons While the essential principles of the constitution and government of the Church were immutably fixed by her Divine Founder, ecclesiastical… …
55Ten Commandments — For other uses, see Ten Commandments (disambiguation). This 1768 …
56History of algebra — Elementary algebra is the branch of mathematics that deals with solving for the operands of arithmetic equations. Modern or abstract algebra has its origins as an abstraction of elementary algebra. Historians know that the earliest mathematical… …
57Gothic Architecture — • History of the style Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Gothic Architecture Gothic Architecture † …
58ITALY — Jews have lived in Italy without interruption from the days of the Maccabees until the present, through a period of 21 centuries. Although they were never subjected to general expulsion, there were frequently partial ones. They often enjoyed good …
59Formularies — • Medieval collections of models for the execution of documents (acta), public or private; a space being left for the insertion of names, dates, and circumstances peculiar to each case Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Formularies …
60HISTORIOGRAPHY — This article is arranged according to the following outline: the bible second temple period chronicles of the jews early middle ages spanish and portuguese sixteenth to the seventeenth centuries systematic histories early studies the wissenschaft …
