technique of measurement
91sample preparation — ▪ chemistry Introduction in analytical chemistry (chemistry), the processes in which a representative piece of material is extracted from a larger amount and readied for analysis. Sampling and sample preparation have a unique meaning and special …
92surface analysis — ▪ chemistry Introduction in analytical chemistry (chemistry), the study of that part of a solid that is in contact with a gas or a vacuum. When two phases of matter are in contact, they form an interface. The term surface is usually… …
93Total organic carbon — (TOC) is the amount of carbon bound in an organic compound and is often used as a non specific indicator of water quality or cleanliness of pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment. A typical analysis for TOC measures both the total carbon present… …
94Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy — (FCS) is a common technique used by physicists, chemists, and biologists to experimentally characterize the dynamics of fluorescent species (e.g. single fluorescent dye molecules in nanostructured materials, autofluorescent proteins in living… …
95Odor — Aroma redirects here. For other uses, see Aroma (disambiguation). Allegory of the senses by Jan Brueghel the Elder, Museo del Prado An odor or odour is caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds, generally at a very low concentration,… …
96Electron mobility — This article is about the mobility for electrons and holes in metals and semiconductors. For the general concept, see Electrical mobility. In solid state physics, the electron mobility characterizes how quickly an electron can move through a… …
97Moisture analysis — covers a variety of methods for measuring moisture content in both high level and trace amounts in solids, liquids, or gases. Moisture in percentage amounts is monitored as a specification in commercial food production. There are many… …
98Chemical imaging — (as quantitative chemical mapping) is the analytical capability to create a visual image of components distribution from simultaneous measurement of spectra and spatial, time informations.[1][2] The main idea for chemical imaging, the analyst may …
99Doubly labeled water — is water in which both the hydrogen and the oxygen have been partly or completely replaced for tracing purposes (i.e., labeled) with an uncommon isotope of these elements. In practice, for both practical and safety reasons, almost all recent… …
100Track and field — For the video game, see Track Field (video game). Track and field The track and field stadium is at the heart of the sport Nickname(s) Track Characteristics Team mem …
