tangent-and-normal coordinates
51Blowing up — This article is about the mathematical concept of blowing up. For information about the physical/chemical process, see Explosion. For other uses of Blow up , see Blow up (disambiguation). Blowup of the affine plane. In mathematics, blowing up or… …
52Covariant transformation — See also Covariance and contravariance of vectors In physics, a covariant transformation is a rule (specified below), that describes how certain physical entities change under a change of coordinate system. In particular the term is used for… …
53Scale (map) — The scale of a map is defined as the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground. If the region of the map is small enough for the curvature of the Earth to be neglected, then the scale may be taken as a constant… …
54Finite strain theory — Continuum mechanics …
55World line — In physics, the world line of an object is the unique path of that object as it travels through 4 dimensional spacetime.The concept of world line is distinguished from the concept of orbit or trajectory (such as an orbit in space or a trajectory… …
56Second fundamental form — In differential geometry, the second fundamental form is a quadratic form on the tangent plane of a smooth surface in the three dimensional Euclidean space, usually denoted by II. Together with the first fundamental form, it serves to define… …
57Ellipse — Elliptical redirects here. For the exercise machine, see Elliptical trainer. This article is about the geometric figure. For other uses, see Ellipse (disambiguation). Not to be confused with ellipsis. An ellipse obtained as the intersection of a… …
58Logarithm — The graph of the logarithm to base 2 crosses the x axis (horizontal axis) at 1 and passes through the points with coordinates (2, 1), (4, 2), and (8, 3) …
59Affine focal set — In mathematics, and especially affine differential geometry, the affine focal set of a smooth submanifold M embedded in a smooth manifold N is the caustic generated by the affine normal lines. It can be realised as the bifurcation set of a… …
60Angle — This article is about angles in geometry. For other uses, see Angle (disambiguation). Oblique angle redirects here. For the cinematographic technique, see Dutch angle. ∠, the angle symbol In geometry, an angle is the figure formed by two rays… …
