surface reflectance
31Dichromatic reflectance model — In Shafer’s dichromatic reflection model, scene radiance has two components: cb is the body reflected component cs is the surface reflected component mb and ms are scale factors depending on illumination, view directions and surface orientation.… …
32Spectral Reflectance — The ratio of energy reflected from a surface in a given waveband to the energy incident in that waveband …
33Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer — MODIS redirects here. For the company, see MPS Group. Ash plumes on Kamchatka Peninsula, eastern Russia …
34Cryosphere — Overview of the Cryosphere and its larger components, from the UN Environment Programme Global Outlook for Ice and Snow. The cryosphere (from the Greek κρύος cryos cold , frost or ice ) is the term which collectively describes the portions of the …
35Solar heating — is the usage of solar energy to provide process, space or water heating. See also Solar thermal energy. The heating of water is covered in solar hot water. Solar heating design is divided into two groups: * Active solar heating uses pumps which… …
36global warming — an increase in the earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect. [1975 80] * * * Potential increase in global average surface temperatures resulting from… …
37Huygens probe — Infobox Spacecraft Name = Huygens probe Caption = A scale replica of the probe, 1.3 metres across. Organization = ESA/ASI/NASA Major Contractors = Aérospatiale, now Thales Alenia Space Mission Type = Lander Satellite Of = Saturn Launch = December …
38Profilometer — is a measuring instrument used to measure a surface s profile, in order to quantify its roughness. Vertical resolution is usually in the nanometre level, though lateral resolution is usually poorer.While the historical notion of a profilometer… …
39Black carbon — or BC is formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuel, and biomass, and is emitted in both anthropogenic and naturally occurring soot. Black carbon warms the planet by absorbing heat in the atmosphere and by reducing albedo,… …
40Ordovician Period — Interval of geologic time, 490–443 million years ago, the second oldest period of the Paleozoic Era. It follows the Cambrian and precedes the Silurian. During the Ordovician, many of the landmasses were aligned in the tropics. Life was dominated… …
