surface impurity concentration
11Float-zone silicon — is a high purity alternative to silicon grown by the Czochralski process. The concentrations of impurities, such as carbon and oxygen, are extremely low. Impurities such as nitrogen, which are thought to bring about an improvement in mechanical… …
12crystal — crystallike, adj. /kris tl/, n., adj., v., crystaled, crystaling or (esp. Brit.) crystalled, crystalling. n. 1. a clear, transparent mineral or glass resembling ice. 2. the transparent form of crystallized quartz. 3. Chem., Mineral. a solid body… …
13Crystal — /kris tl/, n. 1. a city in SE Minnesota, near Minneapolis. 25,543. 2. a female given name. * * * I Any solid material whose atoms are arranged in a definite pattern and whose surface regularity reflects its internal symmetry. Each of a crystal s… …
14Electron mobility — This article is about the mobility for electrons and holes in metals and semiconductors. For the general concept, see Electrical mobility. In solid state physics, the electron mobility characterizes how quickly an electron can move through a… …
15Segregation in materials — refers to the enrichment of a material constituent at a free surface or an internal interface of a material. In a polycrystalline solid, a segregation site can be a dislocation, grain boundary, stacking fault, or an interface with a precipitate… …
16industrial glass — Introduction solid material that is normally lustrous and transparent in appearance and that shows great durability under exposure to the natural elements. These three properties lustre, transparency, and durability make glass a favoured… …
17Diamond — This article is about the mineral. For the gemstone, see Diamond (gemstone). For other uses, including the shape ◊, see Diamond (disambiguation) …
18Metal oxide adhesion — The strength of metal oxide adhesion effectively determines the wetting of the metal oxide interface. The strength of this adhesion is important, for instance, in production of light bulbs and fiber matrix composites that depend on the… …
19JERUSALEM — The entry is arranged according to the following outline: history name protohistory the bronze age david and first temple period second temple period the roman period byzantine jerusalem arab period crusader period mamluk period …
20rare-earth element — /rair errth /, Chem. any of a group of closely related metallic elements, comprising the lanthanides, scandium, and yttrium, that are chemically similar by virtue of having the same number of valence electrons. Also called rare earth metal. [1955 …
