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81Prayers for the Dead — • Catholic teaching regarding prayers for the dead is bound up inseparably with the doctrine of purgatory and the more general doctrine of the communion of the saints, which is an article of the Apostle s Creed Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight …
82Sacrifice of the Mass — • The word Mass (missa) first established itself as the general designation for the Eucharistic Sacrifice in the West after the time of Pope Gregory the Great, the early Church having used the expression the breaking of bread (fractio panis) or… …
83Boethius: from antiquity to the Middle Ages — John Marenbon Boethius is a difficult figure to place in the history of philosophy. Considered just in himself, he clearly belongs to the world of late antiquity. Born in 480, at a time when Italy was ruled by the Ostrogoths under their king,… …
84Spinoza: the moral and political philosophy — The moral and political philosophy of Spinoza Hans W.Blom Spinoza as a moral and political philosopher was the proponent of a radical and extremely consistent version of seventeenth century Dutch naturalism. As a consequence of the burgeoning… …
85Existence (Philosophy of) 2 — Philosophy of existence 2 Sartre Thomas R.Flynn Born 21 June 1905, in Thiviers (Dordogne), Jean Paul Sartre was raised in the Parisian home of his widowed mother’s parents. After his mother’s remarriage, he spent several years with her and his… …
86Hermeneutics — Gadamer and Ricoeur G.B.Madison THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: ROMANTIC HERMENEUTICS Although the term ‘hermeneutics’ (hermeneutica) is, in its current usage, of early modern origin,1 the practice it refers to is as old as western civilization itself …
87incidental — Synonyms and related words: accessory, acciaccatura, accident, accidental, accompanying, addendum, addition, additional, adjunct, ado, adrift, adscititious, adventitious, afloat, afoot, aleatory, ancillary, appendage, appoggiatura, appurtenance,… …
88CONSERVATION — Introduction In consequence of the establishment in Israel of a Ministry for the Environment it is appropriate to take stock of the deep concern for the environment and its conservation which, from its earliest documents onwards, infuses Jewish… …
89ALIYAH AND ABSORPTION — GENERAL SURVEY Introduction Aliyah, ascension or going up, is the coming of Jews as individuals or in groups, from exile or diaspora to live in the Land of Israel. Those who go up for this purpose are known as olim – a term used in the Bible for… …
90OR AKIVA — (Heb. אוֹר עֲקִיבָא; Light of R. Akiva ), immigrant development town in the northern Sharon, 1½ mi. E. of caesarea . Construction of the town began in 1951 with the aim of providing permanent housing for the inhabitants of the Caesarea ma barah… …
