sums of squares
1Explained sum of squares — In statistics, an explained sum of squares (ESS) is the sum of squared predicted values in a standard regression model (for example y {i}=a+bx {i}+epsilon {i}), where y {i} is the response variable, x {i} is the explanatory variable, a and b are… …
2Lack-of-fit sum of squares — In statistics, a sum of squares due to lack of fit, or more tersely a lack of fit sum of squares, is one of the components of a partition of the sum of squares in an analysis of variance, used in the numerator in an F test of the null hypothesis… …
3Proofs of Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares — Fermat s theorem on sums of two squares asserts that an odd prime number p can be expressed as: p = x^2 + y^2with integer x and y if and only if p is congruent to 1 (mod 4). The statement was announced by Fermat in 1640, but he supplied no proof …
4Sum of two squares — In mathematics, sums of two squares occur in a number of contexts:* The Pythagorean theorem says that the square on the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal in area to the sum of the squares on the legs * Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity says… …
5Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares — In number theory, Pierre de Fermat s theorem on sums of two squares states that an odd prime p is expressible as:p = x^2 + y^2,,with x and y integers, if and only if:p equiv 1 pmod{4}.The theorem is also known as Thue s Lemma, after Axel Thue.For …
6Linear least squares/Proposed — Linear least squares is an important computational problem, that arises primarily in applications when it is desired to fit a linear mathematical model to observations obtained from experiments. Mathematically, it can be stated as the problem of… …
7The Book of Squares — ( Liber Quadratorum in the original Latin) is a book on algebra by Leonardo Fibonacci, published in 1225. Fibonacci s identity, establishing that the set of all sums of two squares is closed under multiplication, appears in it.External links*… …
8Degrees of freedom (statistics) — In statistics, the number of degrees of freedom is the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary.[1] Estimates of statistical parameters can be based upon different amounts of information or data. The number… …
9Arithmetic function — In number theory, an arithmetic (or arithmetical) function is a real or complex valued function ƒ(n) defined on the set of natural numbers (i.e. positive integers) that expresses some arithmetical property of n. [1] An example of an arithmetic… …
10Number theory — A Lehmer sieve an analog computer once used for finding primes and solving simple diophantine equations. Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers. Number theorists study prime numbers (the… …
