summation variable
61definite integral — Integration In te*gra tion ([i^]n t[ e]*gr[=a] sh[u^]n), n. [L. integratio a renewing, restoring: cf. F. int[ e]gration.] [1913 Webster] 1. The act or process of making whole or entire. [1913 Webster] 2. (Math.) The operation of finding the… …
62Integration — In te*gra tion ([i^]n t[ e]*gr[=a] sh[u^]n), n. [L. integratio a renewing, restoring: cf. F. int[ e]gration.] [1913 Webster] 1. The act or process of making whole or entire. [1913 Webster] 2. (Math.) The operation of finding the primitive… …
63multiple integral — Integration In te*gra tion ([i^]n t[ e]*gr[=a] sh[u^]n), n. [L. integratio a renewing, restoring: cf. F. int[ e]gration.] [1913 Webster] 1. The act or process of making whole or entire. [1913 Webster] 2. (Math.) The operation of finding the… …
64Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem — Fig.1: Hypothetical spectrum of a bandlimited signal as a function of frequency The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, after Harry Nyquist and Claude Shannon, is a fundamental result in the field of information theory, in particular… …
65Finite difference — A finite difference is a mathematical expression of the form f(x + b) − f(x + a). If a finite difference is divided by b − a, one gets a difference quotient. The approximation of derivatives by finite differences… …
66Invalid proof — In mathematics, there are a variety of spurious proofs of obvious contradictions. Although the proofs are flawed, the errors, usually by design, are comparatively subtle. These fallacies are normally regarded as mere curiosities, but can be used… …
67Mutual information — Individual (H(X),H(Y)), joint (H(X,Y)), and conditional entropies for a pair of correlated subsystems X,Y with mutual information I(X; Y). In probability theory and information theory, the mutual information (sometimes known by the archaic term… …
68History of algebra — Elementary algebra is the branch of mathematics that deals with solving for the operands of arithmetic equations. Modern or abstract algebra has its origins as an abstraction of elementary algebra. Historians know that the earliest mathematical… …
69Prevision economique — Prévision économique La Prévision économique est l estimation, généralement par des méthodes économétriques, des valeurs actuelles ou futures de grandeurs économiques. Elle est utilisée par exemple pour estimer l évolution du PIB ou de l… …
70Prévision économique — La Prévision économique est l estimation, généralement par des méthodes économétriques, des valeurs actuelles ou futures de grandeurs économiques. Elle est utilisée par exemple pour estimer l évolution du PIB ou de l inflation, et orienter les… …
