substrate layer
111Curtain Coating — is a process that creates an uninterrupted curtain of fluid that falls onto a substrate. The substrate is transported on a conveyer belt at a regulated speed through the curtain to ensure an even coat of the die. The curtain is created by using a …
112Thin-film transistor — A thin film transistor (TFT) is a special kind of field effect transistor made by depositing thin films of a semiconductor active layer as well as the dielectric layer and metallic contacts over a supporting substrate. A common substrate is glass …
113Groundwater — Shipot, a common source of drinking water in a Ukrainian village. Groundwater is water located beneath the ground surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an… …
114Gold plating — is a method of depositing a thin layer of gold onto the surface of another metal, most often copper or silver, by chemical or electrochemical means.Mechanical or chemical affixing of thin gold foils onto the surface of objects is instead known as …
115Plasma electrolytic oxidation — (PEO), also known as microarc oxidation (MAO), is an electrochemical surface treatment process for generating oxide coatings on metals. It is similar to anodizing, but it employs higher potentials, so that discharges[1] occur and the resulting… …
116Solar panel — Photovoltaic module redirects here. For the heat collectors, see Solar thermal collector. An installation of solar panels in rural Mongolia …
117Evaporation (deposition) — Evaporation machine used for metallization at LAAS technological facility in Toulouse, France. Evaporation is a common method of thin film deposition. The source material is evaporated in a vacuum. The vacuum allows vapor particles to travel… …
118Air well (condenser) — High mass air well of Belgian engineer Achile Knapen in Trans en Provence …
119Flexible organic light-emitting diode — Demonstration of a flexible OLED device Demonstration of a battery driven flexible OLED lamp fr …
120Nantenna — Figure 1. Spectral irradiance of wavelengths in the solar spectrum. The red shaded area shows the irradiance at sea level. There is less irradiance at sea level due to absorption of light by the atmosphere. A nantenna (nanoantenna) is a… …
