substitutions
31PHÉNOLS — Dès le début du XIXe siècle, les chimistes avaient réussi à isoler des huiles moyennes du goudron de houille, agitées avec une solution concentrée de soude, un composé défini. La couche aqueuse, additionnée d’un acide minéral, laissait déposer… …
32Ka/Ks ratio — In genetics, the Ka/Ks ratio (or ω, dN/dS), is the ratio of the rate of non synonymous substitutions (Ka) to the rate of synonymous substitutions (Ks), which can be used as an indicator of selective pressure acting on a protein coding gene.… …
33History of group theory — The history of group theory, a mathematical domain studying groups in their various forms, has evolved in various parallel threads. There are three historical roots of group theory: the theory of algebraic equations, number theory and geometry.… …
34clay mineral — any of a group of hydrous aluminum silicate minerals, as kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite, that constitute the major portion of most clays. [1945 50] * * * Any of a group of important hydrous aluminum silicates with a layered structure and… …
35cryptology — cryptologist, n. cryptologic /krip tl oj ik/, cryptological, adj. /krip tol euh jee/, n. 1. cryptography. 2. the science and study of cryptanalysis and cryptography. [1635 45; < NL cryptologia. See CRYPTO , LOGY] * * * Introduction …
36Réaction de substitution — Une réaction de substitution est une réaction organique dans laquelle un atome ou groupe d atomes (groupe fonctionnel) d un composé chimique est remplacé par un autre atome ou groupe d atomes (le substituant)[1],[2]. Cet article se concentre sur… …
37Croatia at the 2006 FIFA World Cup — Croatia participated in the 2006 FIFA World Cup. This was their third appearance. The country has qualified for every World Cup which it has been eligible for since independence in 1991. Contents 1 Qualifying 2 World Cup preparation 3 Draw …
38Onium compounds — are cations derived by the protonation of mononuclear parent hydrides of elements of the nitrogen group (Group 15), chalcogens (Group 16), or halogens (Group 17), and similar cations derived by the substitution of hydrogen atoms in the former by… …
39History of molecular evolution — The history of molecular evolution starts in the early 20th century with comparative biochemistry , but the field of molecular evolution came into its own in the 1960s and 1970s, following the rise of molecular biology. The advent of protein… …
40Croatia at UEFA Euro 2008 — Croatia participate din the 2008 UEFA European Football Championship, held from 7 to 29 June 2008. It was Croatia s third appearance in the tournament since its independence in 1991 …
