substitution rule
51Polar coordinate system — Points in the polar coordinate system with pole O and polar axis L. In green, the point with radial coordinate 3 and angular coordinate 60 …
52Jacobian — In vector calculus, the Jacobian is shorthand for either the Jacobian matrix or its determinant, the Jacobian determinant. In algebraic geometry the Jacobian of a curve means the Jacobian variety: a group variety associated to the curve, in which …
53Separation of variables — In mathematics, separation of variables is any of several methods for solving ordinary and partial differential equations, in which algebra allows one to rewrite an equation so that each of two variables occurs on a different side of the equation …
54Scale parameter — In probability theory and statistics, a scale parameter is a special kind of numerical parameter of a parametric family of probability distributions. The larger the scale parameter, the more spread out the distribution.DefinitionIf a family of… …
55Mark of the Year — Official logo for the Mark of the Year competition The annual Mark of the Year competition (currently known as the Hungry Jack s AFL Mark of the Year) is a sporting award that celebrates each season s best mark. A mark is the action of a player… …
56DeJuan Alfonzo — Date of birth: January 12, 1977 (1977 01 12) (age 34) Place of birth: Indianapolis, Indiana Career information Position(s) …
57Chalid Arrab — Born May 28, 1975 (1975 05 28) (age 36) Cologne, West Germany Other names Die Faust (The Fist) Nationality German He …
58formal logic — the branch of logic concerned exclusively with the principles of deductive reasoning and with the form rather than the content of propositions. [1855 60] * * * Introduction the abstract study of propositions, statements, or assertively used …
59Method of analytic tableaux — A graphical representation of a partially built propositional tableau In proof theory, the semantic tableau (or truth tree) is a decision procedure for sentential and related logics, and a proof procedure for formulas of first order logic. The… …
60Natural deduction — In logic and proof theory, natural deduction is a kind of proof calculus in which logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to the natural way of reasoning. This contrasts with the axiomatic systems which instead use… …
