substitution model
61Haldane's dilemma — refers to a limit on the speed of beneficial evolution, first calculated by J. B. S. Haldane in 1957, and clarified further by later commentators. Creationists, and proponents of intelligent design in particular, claim it remains unresolved and a …
62Admissible rule — In logic, a rule of inference is admissible in a formal system if the set of theorems of the system is closed under the rule. The concept of an admissible rule was introduced by Paul Lorenzen (1955).DefinitionsThe concept of admissibility, as… …
63Principia Mathematica — For Isaac Newton s book containing basic laws of physics, see Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica. The title page of the shortened version of the Principia Mathematica to *56. The Principia Mathematica is a three volume work on the… …
64Economic growth — GDP real growth rates, 1990–1998 and 1990–2006, in selected countries …
65Cryptanalysis of the Enigma — enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of secret Morse coded radio communications of the Axis powers that had been enciphered using Enigma machines. This yielded military intelligence which, along with that from… …
66coordination compound — Chem. complex (def. 10). Also called coordination complex. * * * ▪ chemistry Introduction any of a class of substances with chemical structures in which a central metal atom is surrounded by nonmetal atoms or groups of atoms, called ligands… …
67Linear least squares (mathematics) — This article is about the mathematics that underlie curve fitting using linear least squares. For statistical regression analysis using least squares, see linear regression. For linear regression on a single variable, see simple linear regression …
68Logicism — is one of the schools of thought in the philosophy of mathematics, putting forth the theory that mathematics is an extension of logic and therefore some or all mathematics is reducible to logic.[1] Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead… …
69Object theory — For the concept of objects in philosophy, see Object (philosophy). Object theory is a theory in philosophy and mathematical logic concerning objects and the statements that can be made about objects. Contents 1 An informal theory 2 Objects 3 A… …
70Nicotinic agonist — A nicotinic agonist is a drug which enhances the action at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Examples include: nicotine (by definition the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is named for its affinity for nicotine) acetylcholine, the… …
