structure of the ionosphere
1Ionosphere — The ionosphere is a part of the upper atmosphere, comprising portions of the mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere, distinguished because it is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important part in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner …
2ionosphere and magnetosphere — ▪ atmospheric science Introduction regions of Earth s (Earth) atmosphere in which the number of electrically charged particles ions (ion) and electrons (electron) are large enough to affect the propagation of radio waves (electromagnetic… …
3Shortwave radio — Shortwave can also refer to a shortwave trough meteorology. A solid state, analog shortwave receiver Shortwave radio refers to the upper MF (medium frequency) and all of the HF (high frequency) portion of the radio spectrum, between… …
4Polish Polar Station, Hornsund — (Polska Stacja Polarna, Hornsund) is at Isbjørnhamna in Hornsund fjord, on Spitsbergen island in the Norwegian Svalbard archipelago, operates since 1957.tationThe station was erected in July 1957 by the Polish Academy of Sciences Expedition… …
5Kosmos (satellite) — Kosmos (Russian: Космос, IPA: [ˈkozməs], Cosmos) is a designation given to a large number of satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1, the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on… …
6Schumann resonances — The Schumann resonances (SR) are a set of spectrum peaks in the extremely low frequency (ELF) portion of the Earth s electromagnetic field spectrum. Schumann resonances are global electromagnetic resonances, excited by lightning discharges in the …
7Atmosphere of Uranus — The atmosphere of Uranus, like that of Neptune, is markedly different from those of the larger gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. While still composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, it possesses a higher proportion of volatiles (dubbed ices )… …
8Kennelly-Heaviside layer — The Kennelly Heaviside layer, also known as the E region or simply the Heaviside layer, is a layer of ionised gas occurring at 90 ndash;150 km above the ground mdash; one of several layers in the Earth s ionosphere. It reflects medium frequency… …
9Copley Medal — The Copley Medal awarded to Mendeleev in 1905 …
10History of radar — The history of radar starts with experiments by Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th century that showed that radio waves were reflected by metallic objects. This possibility was suggested in James Clerk Maxwell s seminal work on electromagnetism.… …
