structure of hydrogen atom
21Hyperfine structure — In atomic physics, hyperfine coupling is the weak magnetic interaction between electrons and nuclei. Hyperfine coupling causes the hyperfine splitting of atomic or molecular energy levels. The totality of energy levels spawned by hyperfine… …
22Fine structure — Interference fringes, showing fine structure (splitting) of a cooled deuterium source, viewed through a Fabry Pérot étalon. In atomic physics, the fine structure describes the splitting of the spectral lines of atoms due to first order… …
23Isotopes of hydrogen — Hydrogen (H) (Standard atomic mass: 1.00794(7) u) has three naturally occurring isotopes, denoted 1H, 2H, and 3H. Other, highly unstable nuclei (4H to 7H) have been synthesized in the laboratory but not observed in nature.Gurov YB, Aleshkin DV,… …
24Lewis structure — The Lewis structure of water. Lewis structures (also known as Lewis dot diagrams, electron dot diagrams, and electron dot structures) are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in …
25Fine-structure constant — The fine structure constant or Sommerfeld fine structure constant, usually denoted alpha ,, is the fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction.It is a dimensionless quantity, and thus its numerical …
26Cubical atom — The cubical atom was an early atomic model in which electrons were positioned at the eight corners of a cube in a non polar atom or molecule. This theory was developed in 1902 by Gilbert N. Lewis and published in 1916 in the famous article The… …
27fine structure — /fuyn/, Physics. a group of lines that are observed in the spectra of certain elements, as hydrogen, and that are caused by various couplings of the azimuthal quantum number and the angular momentum quantum number. Cf. hyperfine structure. [1915… …
28Grotthuss mechanism — [ hydrogen bond network through a series of covalent bond cleavage/formation.] The Grotthuss Mechanism is the mechanism by which an excess proton or protonic defect diffuses through the hydrogen bond network of water molecules or other hydrogen… …
29chemical bonding — ▪ chemistry Introduction any of the interactions that account for the association of atoms into molecules, ions, crystals, and other stable species that make up the familiar substances of the everyday world. When atoms approach one another …
30chemical compound — Introduction any substance composed of identical molecules consisting of atoms (atom) of two or more chemical elements (chemical element). All the matter in the universe is composed of the atoms of more than 100 different chemical elements …
