step annealing
41Mu-metal — Five layer mu metal box. Each layer is about 5 mm thick. It reduces the Earth s magnetic field inside by about 1500 times. Mu metal is a nickel iron alloy (approximately 77% nickel, 16% iron, 5% copper and 2% chromium or molybdenum) …
42Mixture model — See also: Mixture distribution In statistics, a mixture model is a probabilistic model for representing the presence of sub populations within an overall population, without requiring that an observed data set should identify the sub population… …
43Reactive search — is the common name for a family of optimization algorithms based on the local search techniques. It refers to a class of heuristics that automatically adjust their working parameters during the optimization phase.OverviewReactive search, like all …
44Monte Carlo method in statistical physics — Monte Carlo in statistical physics refers to the application of the Monte Carlo method to problems in statistical physics, or statistical mechanics. Contents 1 Overview 2 Importance sampling 2.1 Canonical …
45Cladogram — For help on how to use cladograms in Wikipedia, see Help:Cladograms A horizontal cladogram, with the ancestor (not named) to the left …
46Travelling salesman problem — The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is an NP hard problem in combinatorial optimization studied in operations research and theoretical computer science. Given a list of cities and their pairwise distances, the task is to find a shortest… …
47Pebble bed reactor — Sketch of a pebble bed reactor in Italian …
48Metalworking — Machining a bar of metal on a lathe. Metalworking is the process of working with metals to create individual parts, assemblies, or large scale structures. The term covers a wide range of work from large ships and bridges to precise engine parts… …
49Uranium-lead dating — Uranium lead is one of the oldest and most refined radiometric dating schemes, with a routine age range of about 1 million years to over 4.5 billion years, and with routine precisions in the 0.1 1 percent range. [Parrish, Randall R.; Noble,… …
50Nelder-Mead method — See simplex algorithm for the numerical solution of the linear programming problem. The Nelder Mead method or downhill simplex method or amoeba method is a commonly used nonlinear optimization algorithm. It is due to John Nelder R. Mead (1965)… …
