standard deviation of errors
121Official statistics — on Germany in 2010, published in UNECE Countries in Figures 2011. Official statistics are statistics published by government agencies or other public bodies such as international organizations. They provide quantitative or qualitative information …
122David A. Freedman (statistician) — David A. Freedman (1938 – 2008) was Professor of Statistics at the University of California, Berkeley. He was a distinguished mathematical statistician whose wide ranging research included the analysis of martingale inequalities, Markov processes …
123Kalman filter — Roles of the variables in the Kalman filter. (Larger image here) In statistics, the Kalman filter is a mathematical method named after Rudolf E. Kálmán. Its purpose is to use measurements observed over time, containing noise (random variations)… …
124Academic grading in Germany — Germany uses a 6 point grading scale (GPA) to evaluate the performance of school children:* 1 ( sehr gut , excellent) is the best possible grade and is given for outstanding performance * 2 ( gut , good) is the next highest and is given for… …
125Radiocarbon dating — (sometimes simply known as carbon dating) is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring radioisotope carbon 14 (14C) to estimate the age of carbon bearing materials up to about 58,000 to 62,000 years.[1] Raw, i.e. uncalibrated …
126Infant mortality — World infant mortality rates in 2008[1] Infant mortality is defined as the number of infant deaths (one year of age or younger) per 1000 live births. Traditionally, the most common cause worldwide was dehydration from diarrhea. However, the… …
127Failure rate — is the frequency with which an engineered system or component fails, expressed for example in failures per hour. It is often denoted by the Greek letter λ (lambda) and is important in reliability engineering. The failure rate of a system usually… …
128Nondimensionalization — is the partial or full removal of units from an equation involving physical quantities by a suitable substitution of variables. This technique can simplify and parameterize problems where measured units are involved. It is closely related to… …
