squared difference
31Estimator — In statistics, an estimator is a function of the observable sample data that is used to estimate an unknown population parameter (which is called the estimand ); an estimate is the result from the actual application of the function to a… …
32Exponential distribution — Not to be confused with the exponential families of probability distributions. Exponential Probability density function Cumulative distribution function para …
33Comparison of vector algebra and geometric algebra — Vector algebra and geometric algebra are alternative approaches to providing additional algebraic structures on vector spaces, with geometric interpretations, particularly vector fields in multivariable calculus and applications in mathematical… …
34Force — For other uses, see Force (disambiguation). See also: Forcing (disambiguation) Forces are also described as a push or pull on an object. They can be due to phenomena such as gravity, magnetism, or anything that might cause a mass to accelerate …
35Pearson's chi-square test — Pearson s chi square ( chi;2) test is the best known of several chi square tests – statistical procedures whose results are evaluated by reference to the chi square distribution. Its properties were first investigated by Karl Pearson. In contexts …
36Resampling (statistics) — In statistics, resampling is any of a variety of methods for doing one of the following: # Estimating the precision of sample statistics (medians, variances, percentiles) by using subsets of available data (jackknife) or drawing randomly with… …
37Geometric algebra — In mathematical physics, a geometric algebra is a multilinear algebra described technically as a Clifford algebra over a real vector space equipped with a non degenerate quadratic form. Informally, a geometric algebra is a Clifford algebra that… …
38HSL and HSV — Fig. 1. HSL (a–d) and HSV (e–h). Above (a, e): cut away 3D models of each. Below: two dimensional plots showing two of a model’s three parameters at once, holding the other constant: cylindrical shells (b, f) of constant saturation, in this case… …
39Principal component analysis — PCA of a multivariate Gaussian distribution centered at (1,3) with a standard deviation of 3 in roughly the (0.878, 0.478) direction and of 1 in the orthogonal direction. The vectors shown are the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix scaled by… …
40Neutrino — For other uses, see Neutrino (disambiguation). Neutrino/Antineutrino The first use of a hydrogen bubble chamber to detect neutrinos, on November 13, 1970. A neutrino hit a proton in a hydrogen atom. The collision occurred at the point where three …
