spiritual leader
51REFORM JUDAISM — REFORM JUDAISM, first of the modern interpretations of Judaism to emerge in response to the changed political and cultural conditions brought about by the emancipation . The Reform movement was a bold historical response to the dramatic events of …
52Eckankar — Eckankar. Eckankar is a new religious movement founded in the United States in 1965, though practiced around the world long before with a solid following in China. It focuses on spiritual exercises enabling practitioners to experience what its… …
53Eastern Orthodoxy — the faith, practice, membership, and government of the Eastern Orthodox Church. * * * officially Orthodox Catholic Church One of the three major branches of Christianity. Its adherents live mostly in Greece, Russia, the Balkans, Ukraine, and the… …
54RELIGIOUS LIFE AND COMMUNITIES — Jews UNDER OTTOMAN RULE The Jews of the pre Zionist old yishuv, both sephardim (from the Orient) and ashkenazim (of European origin), dedicated their lives to the fulfillment of religious precepts: the study of the torah and the meticulous… …
55OTTOMAN EMPIRE — OTTOMAN EMPIRE, Balkan and Middle Eastern empire started by a Turkish tribe, led by ʿUthmān (1288–1326), at the beginning of the 14th century. This entry is arranged according to the following outline: sources …
56RABBI, RABBINATE — The title rabbi is derived from the noun rav, which in biblical Hebrew means great and does not occur in the Bible; in its later sense in mishnaic Hebrew, however, the word rav means a master as opposed to a slave (e.g., does a slave rebel… …
57SHNEUR ZALMAN OF (Liozna-) LYADY — (1745–1813), founder of chabad Ḥasidism. According to family traditions he was born in Liozna, Belorussia, on the 18th of Elul. After his marriage in 1760 he devoted himself to Torah study. Concluding that he knew a little about learning, but… …
58Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama — Infobox Monarch name =Tenzin Gyatso title =14th Dalai Lama of Tibet caption =Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama reign =17 November 1950 – present coronation =17 November 1950 othertitles = full name = Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin… …
59Doukhobor — The Doukhobors or Dukhobors (Russian: Духоборы, Dukhobory), earlier Dukhobortsy (Russian: Духоборцы) (literally Spirit Wrestlers) are a group of Russian origin. The Doukhobors were one of the sects later defined as a religious philosophy, ethnic… …
60Family International — The Family International (TFI), formed as as the Children of God (COG) and later named Family of Love and the Family, is a new religious movement,[1][2] started in 1968 in Huntington Beach, California, United States. It began in the late 1960s,… …
