set-theoretic statement
91Logical implication — In logic and mathematics, logical implication is a logical relation that holds between a set T of formulae and a formula B when every model (or interpretation or valuation) of T is also a model of B . In symbols,# T models B, # T Rightarrow B # T …
92Argumentation theory — Argumentation theory, or argumentation, embraces the arts and sciences of civil debate, dialogue, conversation, and persuasion; studying rules of inference, logic, and procedural rules in both artificial and real world settings. Argumentation is… …
93Riemann surface — For the Riemann surface of a subring of a field, see Zariski–Riemann space. Riemann surface for the function ƒ(z) = √z. The two horizontal axes represent the real and imaginary parts of z, while the vertical axis represents the real… …
94Linguistic meaning — See also Meaning (linguistics). Linguistic meaning is the content carried by the words or signs exchanged by people when communicating through language. Restated, the communication of meaning is the purpose and function of language. A… …
95metalogic — /met euh loj ik/, n. the logical analysis of the fundamental concepts of logic. [1835 45; META + LOGIC] * * * Study of the syntax and the semantics of formal languages and formal systems. It is related to, but does not include, the formal… …
96Gödel's incompleteness theorems — In mathematical logic, Gödel s incompleteness theorems, proved by Kurt Gödel in 1931, are two theorems stating inherent limitations of all but the most trivial formal systems for arithmetic of mathematical interest. The theorems are of… …
97Brouwer-Hilbert controversy — A foundational controversy in twentieth century history of mathematics opposed L. E. J. Brouwer, a supporter of intuitionism, and David Hilbert, the founder of formalism.BackgroundThe background for the controversy was set with David Hilbert s… …
98Meaning (philosophy of language) — The nature of meaning, its definition, elements, and types, was discussed by philosophers Aristotle, Augustine, and Aquinas. According to them meaning is a relationship between two sorts of things: signs and the kinds of things they mean (intend …
99James, William — American pragmatism James J.E.Tiles THE BERKELEY LECTURE Pragmatism was introduced to society in a lecture given by William James1 to the Philosophical Union at the University of California in Berkeley on 26 August 1898.2 In his lecture James… …
100Clique (graph theory) — A graph with 23 1 vertex cliques (its vertices), 42 2 vertex cliques (its edges), 19 3 vertex cliques (the light blue triangles), and 2 4 vertex cliques (dark blue). Six of the edges and 11 of the triangles form maximal cliques. The two dark blue …
