secret-key cryptographic system
81Malleability (cryptography) — Malleability is a property of some cryptographic algorithms.[1] An encryption algorithm is malleable if it is possible for an adversary to transform a ciphertext into another ciphertext which decrypts to a related plaintext. That is, given an… …
82Prêt à Voter — is an E2E voting system devised by Peter Ryan of Newcastle University. It aims to provide guarantees of accuracy of the count and ballot privacy that are independent of software, hardware etc. Assurance of accuracy flows from maximal transparency …
83Deuxième Bureau — The Deuxième Bureau de l État major général (English: Second Bureau of the General Staff) was France s external military intelligence agency from 1871 to 1940. It was dissolved together with the Third Republic upon the armistice with Germany.… …
84Decimalization table attack — A decimalization table attack is a technique that may allow a corrupt insider at a bank to discover Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) by exploiting a design flaw in the Hardware Security Module used to protect the PIN. PINs for payment cards …
85One-time pad — Excerpt from a one time pad In cryptography, the one time pad (OTP) is a type of encryption, which has been proven to be impossible to crack if used correctly. Each bit or character from the plaintext is encrypted by a modular addition with a bit …
86Cryptanalysis of the Enigma — enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of secret Morse coded radio communications of the Axis powers that had been enciphered using Enigma machines. This yielded military intelligence which, along with that from… …
87Password — For other uses, see Password (disambiguation). A password is a secret word or string of characters that is used for authentication, to prove identity or gain access to a resource (example: an access code is a type of password). The password… …
88Signals intelligence in modern history — This article is a subset article of the article Signals intelligence, which addresses the unifying conceptual and technical factors and common technologies in this intelligence discipline. This article deals with signals intelligence in the… …
89Advanced Encryption Standard — Infobox block cipher name = AES caption = The SubBytes step, one of four stages in a round of AES designers = Vincent Rijmen, Joan Daemen publish date = 1998 derived from = Square derived to = Anubis, Grand Cru related to = certification = AES… …
90Challenge-response authentication — For the spam filtering technique, see Challenge response spam filtering. For other uses, see CRAM (disambiguation). In computer security, challenge response authentication is a family of protocols in which one party presents a question (… …
