scaling relation
11Singular value decomposition — Visualization of the SVD of a 2 dimensional, real shearing matrix M. First, we see the unit disc in blue together with the two canonical unit vectors. We then see the action of M, which distorts the disk to an ellipse. The SVD decomposes M into… …
12Fractal dimension on networks — Self similarity of complex networks= Many real networks have two fundamental properties, scale free property and small world property. If the degree distribution of the network follows a power law, the network is scale free; if any two arbitrary… …
13Theory of conjoint measurement — The theory of conjoint measurement (also known as conjoint measurement or additive conjoint measurement) is a general, formal theory of continuous quantity. It was independently discovered by the French economist Gerard Debreu (1960) and by the… …
14Critical exponent — Critical exponents describe the behaviour of physical quantities near continuous phase transitions. It is believed, though not proven, that they are universal, i.e. they do not depend on the details of the physical system, but only on the… …
15Essential matrix — In computer vision, the essential matrix is a 3 imes 3 matrix mathbf{E} , with some additional properties, which relates corresponding points in stereo images assuming that the cameras satisfy the pinhole camera model.FunctionMore specifically,… …
16Kleiber's law — Kleiber s law, named after Max Kleiber s biological work in the early 1930s, is the observation that, for the vast majority of animals, an animal s metabolic rate scales to the 3/4 power of the animal s mass. Symbolically: if q 0 is the animal s… …
17Dirac delta function — Schematic representation of the Dirac delta function by a line surmounted by an arrow. The height of the arrow is usually used to specify the value of any multiplicative constant, which will give the area under the function. The other convention… …
18Cosmic distance ladder — * Light green boxes: Technique applicable to star forming galaxies. * Light blue boxes: Technique applicable to Population II galaxies. * Light Purple boxes: Geometric distance technique. * Light Red box: The planetary nebula luminosity function… …
19Detrended fluctuation analysis — In stochastic processes, chaos theory and time series analysis, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is a method for determining the statistical self affinity of a signal. It is useful for analysing time series that appear to be long memory… …
20galaxy — /gal euhk see/, n., pl. galaxies. 1. Astron. a. a large system of stars held together by mutual gravitation and isolated from similar systems by vast regions of space. b. (usually cap.) See Milky Way. 2. any large and brilliant or impressive… …
