scale error
61Robust statistics — provides an alternative approach to classical statistical methods. The motivation is to produce estimators that are not unduly affected by small departures from model assumptions. Contents 1 Introduction 2 Examples of robust and non robust… …
62Art, Antiques, and Collections — ▪ 2003 Introduction In 2002 major exhibitions such as Documenta 11 reflected the diverse nature of contemporary art: artists from a variety of cultures received widespread recognition for work ranging from installation to video to painting …
63Analog-to-digital converter — An analog to digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is an electronic integrated circuit, which converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. The reverse operation is performed by a digital to analog converter… …
64Large numbers — This article is about large numbers in the sense of numbers that are significantly larger than those ordinarily used in everyday life, for instance in simple counting or in monetary transactions. The term typically refers to large positive… …
65Robust regression — In robust statistics, robust regression is a form of regression analysis designed to circumvent some limitations of traditional parametric and non parametric methods. Regression analysis seeks to find the effect of one or more independent… …
66physical science, principles of — Introduction the procedures and concepts employed by those who study the inorganic world. physical science, like all the natural sciences, is concerned with describing and relating to one another those experiences of the surrounding… …
67Item response theory — In psychometrics, item response theory (IRT) is a body of theory describing the application of mathematical models to data from questionnaires and tests as a basis for measuring abilities, attitudes, or other variables. It is used for statistical …
68Delta-sigma modulation — Delta sigma (ΔΣ; or sigma delta, ΣΔ) modulation is a method for encoding high resolution or analog signals into lower resolution digital signals. The conversion is done using error feedback, where the difference between the two signals is… …
69Measurement uncertainty — In metrology, measurement uncertainty is a non negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the values attributed to a measured quantity. The uncertainty has a probabilistic basis and reflects incomplete knowledge of the quantity. All… …
70Integrating ADC — An integrating ADC is a type of analog to digital converter that converts an unknown input voltage into a digital representation through the use of an integrator. In its most basic implementation, the unknown input voltage is applied to the input …
