scalar function
51Gradient — In vector calculus, the gradient of a scalar field is a vector field which points in the direction of the greatest rate of increase of the scalar field, and whose magnitude is the greatest rate of change.A generalization of the gradient for… …
52Covariant transformation — See also Covariance and contravariance of vectors In physics, a covariant transformation is a rule (specified below), that describes how certain physical entities change under a change of coordinate system. In particular the term is used for… …
53Directional derivative — In mathematics, the directional derivative of a multivariate differentiable function along a given vector V at a given point P intuitively represents the instantaneous rate of change of the function, moving through P in the direction of V. It… …
54Nordström's theory of gravitation — In theoretical physics, Nordström s theory of gravitation was a predecessor of general relativity. Strictly speaking, there were actually two distinct theories proposed by the Finnish theoretical physicist Gunnar Nordström, in 1912 and 1913… …
55Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field — There are various mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field that are used in the study of electromagnetism, one of the four fundamental forces of nature. In this article four approaches are discussed. Contents 1 Vector field approach …
56Curvature of Riemannian manifolds — In mathematics, specifically differential geometry, the infinitesimal geometry of Riemannian manifolds with dimension at least 3 is too complicated to be described by a single number at a given point. Riemann introduced an abstract and rigorous… …
57Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operator — Not to be confused with Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. In mathematics, the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operator can be thought of as a generalization of the Laplace operator to an infinite dimensional setting. The Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operator plays a… …
58Classical electromagnetism — Electromagnetism Electricity · …
59Laplace-Beltrami operator — In differential geometry, the Laplace operator can be generalized to operate on functions defined on surfaces, or more generally on Riemannian and pseudo Riemannian manifolds. This more general operator goes by the name Laplace Beltrami operator …
60Matrix calculus — Topics in Calculus Fundamental theorem Limits of functions Continuity Mean value theorem Differential calculus  Derivative Change of variables Implicit differentiation Taylor s theorem Related rates …
