rigorously proven
21History of the Church–Turing thesis — This article is an extension of the history of the Church–Turing thesis. The debate and discovery of the meaning of computation and recursion has been long and contentious. This article provides detail of that debate and discovery from Peano s… …
22Squaring the circle — Squaring the circle: the areas of this square and this circle are equal. In 1882, it was proven that this figure cannot be constructed in a finite number of steps with an idealized compass and straightedge …
23Fast Fourier transform — A fast Fourier transform (FFT) is an efficient algorithm to compute the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and its inverse. There are many distinct FFT algorithms involving a wide range of mathematics, from simple complex number arithmetic to group …
24Millennium Prize Problems — This article is about the math prizes. For the technology prize, see Millennium Technology Prize. Millennium Prize Problems P versus NP problem Hodge conjecture …
25Defensive programming — is a form of defensive design intended to ensure the continuing function of a piece of software in spite of unforeseeable usage of said software. The idea can be viewed as reducing or eliminating the prospect of Murphy s Law having effect.… …
26Demarchy — Part of the Politics series Electoral methods Single winner …
27History of the Puritans — The history of the Puritans can be traced back to the Vestments Controversy in the reign of Edward VI ending in a decline in the mid 1700s. Background, to 1559 The English Reformation, begun his reign in the reign of Henry VIII of England, was… …
28National Math and Science Initiative — The National Math and Science Initiative (NMSI) was launched in 2007 by leaders in business, education, and science to reverse the recent decline in U.S. students’ math and science educational achievement. NMSI’s mission is to bring best… …
29Complex number — A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram, representing the complex plane. Re is the real axis, Im is the imaginary axis, and i is the square root of –1. A complex… …
30Collatz conjecture — Directed graph showing the orbits of small numbers under the Collatz map. The Collatz conjecture is equivalent to the statement that all paths eventually lead to 1 …
