real arithmetic
81Riemann hypothesis — The real part (red) and imaginary part (blue) of the Riemann zeta function along the critical line Re(s) = 1/2. The first non trivial zeros can be seen at Im(s) = ±14.135, ±21.022 and ±25.011 …
82numerical analysis — the branch of mathematics dealing with methods for obtaining approximate numerical solutions of mathematical problems. [1925 30] * * * Branch of applied mathematics that studies methods for solving complicated equations using arithmetic… …
83Logarithm — The graph of the logarithm to base 2 crosses the x axis (horizontal axis) at 1 and passes through the points with coordinates (2, 1), (4, 2), and (8, 3) …
84Mean — This article is about the statistical concept. For other uses, see Mean (disambiguation). In statistics, mean has two related meanings: the arithmetic mean (and is distinguished from the geometric mean or harmonic mean). the expected value of a… …
85List of important publications in mathematics — One of the oldest surviving fragments of Euclid s Elements, found at Oxyrhynchus and dated to circa AD 100. The diagram accompanies Book II, Proposition 5.[1] This is a list of important publications in mathematics, organized by field. Some… …
86List of first-order theories — In mathematical logic, a first order theory is given by a set of axioms in somelanguage. This entry lists some of the more common examples used in model theory and some of their properties. PreliminariesFor every natural mathematical structure… …
87set theory — the branch of mathematics that deals with relations between sets. [1940 45] * * * Branch of mathematics that deals with the properties of sets. It is most valuable as applied to other areas of mathematics, which borrow from and adapt its… …
88Mill, John Stuart: Logic and metaphysics — J.S.Mill Logic and metaphysics John Skorupski ENLIGHTENMENT AND ROMANTICISM IN MILL’S PHILOSOPHY Mill’s importance as one of the major figures of nineteenth century politics and culture, and the current interest in him as a moral and political… …
89Algebraic structure — In algebra, a branch of pure mathematics, an algebraic structure consists of one or more sets closed under one or more operations, satisfying some axioms. Abstract algebra is primarily the study of algebraic structures and their properties. The… …
90Infinity — In mathematics, infinity is often used in contexts where it is treated as if it were a number (i.e., it counts or measures things: an infinite number of terms ) but it is a different type of number from the real numbers. Infinity is related to… …
