rate of nucleation
21Cosmic ray — For the film, see Cosmic Ray (film). Cosmic radiation redirects here. For some background types of cosmic radiation, see cosmic background radiation and cosmic background. The energy spectrum for cosmic rays Cosmic rays are energetic charged… …
22Colloidal crystal — A colloidal crystal is an ordered array of colloid particles, analogous to a standard crystal whose repeating subunits are atoms or molecules.[1] A natural example of this phenomenon can be found in the gem opal, where spheres of silica assume a… …
23Cryobiology — is the branch of biology that studies the effects of low temperatures on living things. The word cryobiology is derived from the Greek words cryo = cold, bios = life, and logos = science. In practice, cryobiology is the study of biological… …
24Liquid metal embrittlement — is a phenomenon of practical importance, where certain ductile metals experience drastic loss in tensile ductility or undergo brittle fracture when tested in the presence of specific liquid metals. Generally, a tensile stress, either externally… …
25Electrochemical reaction mechanism — In chemistry, an electrochemical reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary steps, involving at least one outer sphere electron transfer, by which an overall chemical change occurs [Bard, A.J. L.R. Faulkner, Electrochemical… …
26radiation measurement — ▪ technology Introduction technique for detecting the intensity and characteristics of ionizing radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma rays or neutrons, for the purpose of measurement. The term ionizing radiation refers to those… …
27Freezing — For freezing as a method of food preservation, see frozen food. For a TV series of the same name, see Freezing (TV series). For freezing in terms of computers, see hang (computing) In physics and chemistry, freezing is the process whereby a… …
28Hysteresis — Not to be confused with Hysteria. Fig. 1. Electric displacement field D of a ferroelectric material as the electric field E is first decreased, then increased. The curves form a hysteresis loop. Hysteresis is the dependence of a system not… …
29Heat transfer — is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the exchange of thermal energy from one physical system to another. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation, and phase change …
30Mineralized tissues — Mineralized tissues: sea sponge, sea shells, conch, dentin, radiolarian, antler, bone Mineralized tissues are biological tissues that incorporate minerals into soft matrices. Typically these tissues form a protective shield or structural… …
