pythagorean identities
51Exact trigonometric constants — Exact constant expressions for trigonometric expressions are sometimes useful, mainly for simplifying solutions into radical forms which allow further simplification.All values of sine, cosine, and tangent of angles with 3° increments are… …
52Multiple integral — Topics in Calculus Fundamental theorem Limits of functions Continuity Mean value theorem Differential calculus  Derivative Change of variables Implicit differentiation Taylor s theorem Related rates …
53Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity — The Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity (Arabic: رسائل أخوان الصفا و خلان الوفا Rasa il ikhwan as safa wa khillan al wafa; also variously known as the Epistles of the Brethren of Sincerity , Epistles of the Brethren of Purity and Epistles of… …
54Plato's number — is the number 216 = 63 alluded to in an obscure passage in The Republic , Book VIII. [cite journal|last=Donaldson|first=Rev. J. W|title=On Plato s Number|journal=Proceedings of the Philological Society|volume=1|issue=8|pages=81… …
55algebra — /al jeuh breuh/, n. 1. the branch of mathematics that deals with general statements of relations, utilizing letters and other symbols to represent specific sets of numbers, values, vectors, etc., in the description of such relations. 2. any of… …
56mathematics, foundations of — Scientific inquiry into the nature of mathematical theories and the scope of mathematical methods. It began with Euclid s Elements as an inquiry into the logical and philosophical basis of mathematics in essence, whether the axioms of any system… …
57Mithraic mysteries — Double faced Mithraic relief. Rome, 2nd to 3rd century AD. Louvre Museum The Mithraic Mysteries were a mystery religion practised in the Roman Empire from about the 1st to 4th centuries AD. The name of the Persian god Mithra, adapted into Greek… …
58Logic and the philosophy of mathematics in the nineteenth century — John Stillwell INTRODUCTION In its history of over two thousand years, mathematics has seldom been disturbed by philosophical disputes. Ever since Plato, who is said to have put the slogan ‘Let no one who is not a geometer enter here’ over the… …
