propertied classes

  • 31Permanent revolution — This article is about the theory. See Permanent Revolution (group) for the group of the same name and Permanent Revolution (album) for the Catch 22 album. Part of a series on …

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  • 32Norman yoke — The Norman yoke is a term that emerged in English nationalist discourse in the mid 17th century. It was a shorthand phrase, useful for attributing the oppressive aspects of feudalism in England to the impositions of William I of England, his… …

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  • 33Tertium quids — The tertium quids (sometimes shortened to quids) refers to various factions of the American Democratic Republican Party during the period 1804–1812. In Latin, tertium quid means a third something . Quid was a disparaging term that referred to… …

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  • 34Alexios Apokaukos — ( el. polytonic|Ἀλέξιος Ἀπόκαυκος, pronounced Apokafkos , died 1345) was a leading Byzantine statesman and high ranking military officer ( megas doux ) during the reigns of emperors Andronikos III Palaiologos and John V Palaiologos. Together with …

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  • 35Lamartine, Alphonse de — born Oct. 21, 1790, Mâcon, France died Feb. 28, 1869, Paris French poet and statesman. After brief military service under Louis XVIII, he turned to literature, writing verse tragedies and elegies. He is chiefly remembered for his successful first …

    Universalium

  • 36Marius, Gaius — born с 157, Cereatae, near Arpinum, Latium died Jan. 13, 86 BC, Rome General and consul who redesigned the Roman army. He secured command of the army in Africa (107) and solved the chronic manpower shortage by enlisting landless citizens for the… …

    Universalium

  • 37Imperialism —    A word of polemical power, analytical imprecision, and historically variant meaning, the term imperialism is used in this volume to describe the period of rapid European expansion in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Imperialism is …

    Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914

  • 38Leon Trotsky — Infobox Officeholder name = Leon Trotsky nationality = Russian small caption = order =People s Commissar for Army and Navy Affairs term start =March 13, 1918 term end =January 6, 1925 vicepresident = deputy =Ephraim Sklyansky predecessor =Nikolai …

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  • 39Trotskyism — is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. Trotsky considered himself an orthodox Marxist and Bolshevik Leninist, arguing for the establishment of a vanguard party. His politics differed sharply from those of Stalinism, most… …

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  • 40Boeotia — Boeotia, Beotia, or Bœotia (Greek: Βοιωτία English IPAEng|biːˈoʊʃiə), formerly Cadmeis, was a region of ancient Greece, north of the eastern part of the Gulf of Corinth. It was bounded on the south by Megaris and the Kithairon mountain range that …

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